K
K
-k suf. objective case marker (on pronouns and adjectives; cf. -‘ik, -ta)
-k suf. past tense marker; cf. -ka, -kan, -tukan
-k suf. to have (added to nouns); Apo si uhyoik maso kovak. He has a beautiful Deer head.
-k suf. thematic verb suffix (used with -ta transitive, and -te intransitive; verbs with this suffix
double the two syllables before -k- for the reduplication; ex.: chokinakta, smash; kohakte, revolve;
tuvukte, leap
-k suf. var. of -ka, as soon as; Hoseta yepsak ne siime. I’m going as soon as Joe gets here.
-ka suf. past tense marker (mostly on verbs with the shape CV’V); cf. -k, -kan, -tukan; ex.: siime, go –
> siika, went; ye’e, dance -> ye’eka, danced
-ka suf. as, while (added to verbs to make a complex sentence); ex.: nookaka, while speaking;
noksuka, after having spoken; var. -kai; Ayamansu seewailo, imsu yo sewa tevat tevatchiapo vivichaka
weyeka (s.). Over there in the flowered, here in the flowered patio, as (you) are looking, (you) are
walking around. Hunera si neu eteowao u ili sui ne tahtaka ne chaechaetua. They were telling me ugly
stories and when the child touched me it made me scream. Kaita hoaka ho’arapo katek. He is at
home doing nothing.
-ka’u suf. 1. that which (in past) 2. where formerly; ex.: in bwaka’u, what I ate; in tenkuka’u, what I
dreamed; Empo uka karita em hinuka’u tu’isi tu’ure. You really fixed up that house that you bought.
-kai suf. 1. as, while 2. as, in the capacity of 3. as a result of; ex.: yahakai, as they came; o’outakai,
as a man; nookakai, as a result of speaking; sewa lihlihti awakai (s.), having sparsely flowered
antlers…; Huyapote nas kaátekai vavu soto’im te teak. While walking around in the desert, we found
pottery.
-kame suf. past agentive (ex. tekipanoakame, the one who worked); cf. -me, -wame
-kan suf. past tense marker (with adjectives and nouns used as predicate; var. -kan, -akan, -ekan, –
ikan; the allomorph -kan is used with adjectives that end in a diphtong, -akan to adjectives ending
in i, -ekan to adjectives ending in o and u;, -ikan to adjectives ending in a); contrasts with -tukan to
indicate change when attached to nouns, and sometimes with adjectives to indicate change of
state; cf. -k, -tukan
chookinaikan, was wrinkled; hamtiakan, was broken; horoikan, was bumpy/uneven; kalasolaikan, was
bright; kiakan, was sweet; hatiachiakan, was enormous; hochiakan, was fine; ilikkaniakan, was
narrow; kusiakan, was sweet; chihtahkoekan, was slippery; chiivuekan, was bitter; chookoekan, was
salty; helokoekan, was gelatinous; ko’okoekan, was hot; kakaikan, was sweet; koloroosaikan, was
pink
Tuuka u plantano ket sialikan; ian u sawai. Yesterday the banana was still green; now it’s yellow.
David lotortukan. David became a doctor. David lotorkan. David was a doctor. David usitakai ka
yantiachiakan. When David was a boy, he was not well behaved. (var. David usitakai ka
yantiachitukan.) Aapo aman ma’aritukan. S/he was buried there (but no longer is). Aapo aman
ma’arikan. S/he was buried there (and the body still is there).
-ku suf. locative; ex. pocho’oku, in the wilderness; kovi’iku, in the corner
-kuni suf. towards, in the direction of; ex.: pocho’okuni, towards the wilderness; hakuni, to where;
pa’akuni, toward outside
ka adv. not; U yoeme ~ hamutta vitchu. It’s not the woman that the man is looking at. U yoem
hamutta ka vitchu. The man is not looking at the woman.
~ a’asoa adj. sterile (female)
~ aawe iv. unable, cannot
~ allea iv. be upset
~ alleaka taawak iv. be disappointed
~ amma’ali adj. improperly, badly
~ au hiokoe iv. generous
~ au sua iv. be careless
~ au vitchu iv. ignore (d.o. = au)
~ au yo’oritevo tv. solicit sex
~ bwasi adj. raw, uncooked, hungover
~ chan(san), not even (~ chansan ne sevek. I ‘m not even cold. I ~ a naken. S/he didn’t ever care for
her/him. Ka chan a miikak. S/he didn’t even give her/him anything.)
~ chupia incomplete, unmarried
~ haiki adv. not many
~ haitimachi iv. be pure, clean
~ ho’akame iv. be homeless
~ ho’otu iv. misbehave, stubborn
~ hóotu iv. be impossible
~ hu’unakiachi iv. unfamiliar, vague, confusing
~ hu’uneiyawame n. secret (unknown)
~ huni adv. never again
~ huuva iv. weak (odor)
~ huvek iv. unmarried (man)
~ kia iv. be bland, tasteless
~ kolorek iv. drab, colorless
~ kunak iv. unmarried (woman)
~ kusisi adv. secretly (without noise)/stealthfully
~ lulu’uteme adj. everlasting, eternal, enduring, lasting
~ maachi adj., n. 1. adj. dark 2. n. Hell
~ Machikuni n. Hell (lit. no light; cf. Tahita Vetepo)
~ machikun adv. into darkness
~ machileu adv. in the dark
~ mamachi iv. be invisible, dark
~ mekka iv. near (with aane)
~ mekka ko’omi adj. shallow
~ nanancha iv. be dofferemt
~ nanau hita ta’a iv. know unequally
~ nanaumachi iv. be mixed
~ nanawichi iv. uneven
~ nappat adv. not as before
~ nareempani adv. uneven in length
~ nokame n. dumb person
~ nooka iv. mute
~ nu’utu iv. unobtainable
~ nuklak iv. eternal, unending, perpetual, lasting
~ oviachi adj. easy, simple
~ pappea iv. listless, lethargic
~ pasaroa machi iv. be unbearable, dreadful
~ suak iv. crazy, senile
~ ta’awak iv. unknown
~ tamek iv. toothless
~ tea exp. it’so, really
~ tekwak iv. have little meat
~ tekipanoa iv. be unemployed
~ tekwak iv. be skin and bones
~ tiiwe iv. bold, daring
~ tu’i iv. bad, harmful
~ tua suak iv. slow, stupid
~ tua yuma’i iv. deformed, mentally retarded
~ tu’ure tv. oppose, object
~ tu’uriwa n. opposition, objection
~ u’use iv. sterile (male)
~ utte’ak iv. weak
~ vaeka exp. need, require (cf. vaeka)
~ vaekai adv. must (cf. vaekai)
~ vamvamse iv. be unhurried
~ vehe’e iv. cheap
~ vehetuari iv. unpaid
~ viohko adj. dull (not sharp)
~ voochak adj. barefoot
~ vovicha iv. be impatient
~ wotte iv. quiet, taciturn, reserved (~ wotti-, ~ wotwotte
~ yantiachi iv. naughty, misbehave
~ yantimaachi iv. unsteady
~ yee hatteiya tv. be fearless
~ yee nake tv. be uncaring
~ yee tu’ure iv. 1. not care for 2. be prejudiced
~ yee yo’ote iv. 1. come onto sexually (to unwilling person) 2. rape, molest, violate; ka a yo’orivae,
coming onto her/him
~ yeeka iv. weak, unable to move
~ yo’ori machi iv. be disreputable
~ yoem eiya tv. mistrust~ yoem eiya machi iv. be fickle
~ yu’utu iv. be immovable,stubborn
~ yuma’i iv. be a freak, unnatural
ka’ayu’e tv. unable to unfasten or open 2. unable to convince or control
kaachin pn. nothing; Neemak ~ machi a takea. As far as I can tell, it’s okey with him.
~ maachi exp. nothing (in response to greeting)
kaakaatia iv. caw
kaakuni adv. nowhere, anywhere
kaal n. lime
kaama n. bed
kaapa’i n. palate
kaapam n. cape, cloak
kaape n. coffee
kaaro n. automobile; ~ lauti weye. The car is going slowly.
Kaarom n. Big Dipper (Yoemes see the Dipper as a big four-wheeled cart with a long tongue; the
stars represent the seven original Yaqui towns, and now the seven sacraments)
kaasoyoi adj. bright (syn. kalasolai)
kaata n. obj. of kari, house
káate tv. build (house, building)
kaáte iv. walk (pl.; kat-, kakate; cf. weye); Ite pueplo konila naa ~n itom wawaim vitvaekai. We walked
around the village to see our relatives.
kaave pn., adv. 1. pn. no one (var. kave; obj. kaveta) 2. adv. absent; Em yoemiam kave ko’okoe? Is
everyone well at your house? Emesu haisa aane — kave ko’okoe? Is everyone (in the family) well
(more usual way of stating this)?
kaavetuk iv. disappear (of an individual or a group)
kaavo n. corporal
kaayam n. street; Huevena kaarim u kaayet ho’oka. There are a lot of cars on the street.
kaayo n. callus
kafe n. coffee (older var. kape)
kafeteera n. coffee pot, tea kettle
Kahe’eme n. 1. Jose Maria Leyva 2. Ciudad Obregon
kahho’ota tv. thaw (~-, kahhoota)
kahho’ote iv. melt (kahho’oti-, kahhoote)
kahón n. box
~ pattiria, lid (for box)
kahtiiwo n. penance, punishment
kahtiiyo n. castle
kahtikaroa tv. punish; Diosta itom aet ~kai huni wam hua ániapo, kaupo ket hooka wame santo
iglesiam. Even if God doesn’t punish us with it, there are still the holy churches over there in the
wilderness world, in the mountains.
kaila n. light (pre-dawn)
kaita 1. pn. nothing 2. num. zero; Aapo ~po enchi ánia. S/he is not helping you in anything (not
towing the line, freeloading). ~ chea bwe’u? Can’t you find something bigger to wear (said in
teasing)? ~ chea ili’ichi? Can’t you find something smaller to wear (said in teasing)?
~ ea tv. have no compassion on
~ hoa iv. be idle, have time to, be free
~ hu’uneiya iv. innocent
~ nake iv. negligent
~ suale iv. heathen, unbeliever
~ vaesae iv. ungrateful
~ vetchi’ivo tu’i iv. useless, worthless, good for nothing (either from laziness or lack of knowledge)
~po taawak, be left with nothing (fame, charm)
~po taawala, be deluded (be a castle in the air)
~po tawane, won’t amount to anything
~po tawavae, on the brink of
~po tawasuk, be a has been
kaitatu iv. disappear
kaitu’una adv. enormous amount; ~ au mikkak. He took too much food.
kaivala interj. it can’t be (< kaivu + ala, if)
kaivu adv. never
kaka adj., n. sweet, candy
kakae iv. be sweet (~-, kakkae)
kakalo iv. be swinging; huyapo ~, swinging through the trees; kulumpiopo ~, swinging on a swing
kakava iv. lay eggs
kakava’ekame n. person(s) mounted on horseback
kakawa n. sweets (baked goods and/or fruit)
kakawaate n. peanut
kakkai iv. get sweet
kakkaitatu iv. never be in stock (cf. a’ayu)
kakkavetu iv. 1. not show up, not attend 2. vanish, disappear without trace; Ume wikichim ama ~k.
The birds simply disappeared.
kalahko adj. clear (transparent)
kalahkoa tv. make clear
kalalai adj. weak
kalalipapati adv. twinkling (with aane); Wepul choki ~ aane. A star is twinkling.
kalasolai adj., n. 1. adj. bright, brilliant (syn. kaasoyoi) 2. n. Tucson
kalasoiti adv. brilliantly, brightly
kalavera n. skeleton (syn. ohta)
kama1 n. squash
kama2 n. caiman
kaamara n. camera
kamachiako adv. at night (syn. tuka’apo), during the night (syn. tuka’ariapo)
kameeyo n. camel
kaminaroa iv., n. 1. iv. go in procession (from church to ramada or back) 2. n. such a procession;
cf. hinanke
~ bwikam n. processional song
~ sonim n. processional tune
kaminaroawa n. a procession in progress
kamisetam n. undershirt
kamisoolam n. shirt
kamisoolamte iv. put on a shirt
kampaani n. bell
kampamento n. camping place
~ kus n. cross at camping place
kampani sewa n. bellflower
kampiuter n. computer
kampo n. camp
~ Dies n. Camp Ten (former Yaqui settlement in near Mesa, Arizona)
~ santo n. cemetery (syn. hihima’awa’apo; after a soul has become a star, it is free to roam all over
the world, and that at where its body rests others can come to communicate with it and also find
peace)
~ sewa n. wild flower (gen.)
~ Uno n. Camp One (former Yaqui settlement near Yoem Pueblo)
~ Vuuru n. Mule Camp (former Yaqui settlement Yoem Pueblo)
~ Wiilo n. Camp Skinny (former Yaqui settlement in the Marana area)
kamta tv. crush (~-, kamkamta)
kamti adv. in: ian kamti, up to now (Son.; syn. ian tahti)
kamukta tv. take drink, hold liquid in mouth
kamula adv. with pursed lips, holding liquid in mouth
-kan suf. past tense marker (with adjectives and nouns used as predicate; var. -kan, -akan, -ekan, –
ikan; the allomorph -kan is used with adjectives that end in a diphtong, -akan to adjectives ending
in i, -ekan to adjectives ending in o and u;, -ikan to adjectives ending in a); contrasts with -tukan to
indicate change when attached to nouns, and sometimes with adjectives to indicate change of
state; cf. -k, -tukan)
kanal n. canal
kananam n. bandoleer, bullet belt
kanario n. canary
kanariom n. first tune played or danced
kanela n. cinnamon
kannao n. pomegranate
kanoa n. boat
kanoareo n. boatman
kanteela tachiria n. candle light
kanteelam n. candle; Tua te ~mak haiwakka huni’i. Truly we will be looking for them with candles
(candles as a prayer).
kantileom n. candelabra
kantina n. bar, saloon, tavern
kantoora n. hymn singer (syn. koparia)
kanutio n. a plant sp. (Ephedra sp.)
kapa n. lamb’s quarters (syn. choali)
kape n. coffee (var. kafe)
kapetai n. 1. captain 2. head of the Fariseos
kapinteo n. carpenter
kapirotaaram n. bread pudding
kapitulo n. chapter
kapo sewa n. waterlily
kaponte tv. castrate
kapontei adj. castrated
kapyeo n. cowboy
karakte iv. break a bone; wok ~k, broke a leg
kareeta n. car, cart
karenam n. chain
kari n. house, building (obj. kaata)
techoa ~ n. jacal/wattle and daub house
sankoa ~ n. brush house/wickiup
karipo waiwa adv. inside, indoors
karoote n. stick (weapon), club
karpa1 n. tent
karpa2 n. goldfish
karpeeta n. carpet (syn.hipetam); Wa ~ yo’oriwan. The carpet was respected.
karsel n. jail, prison
karsetiinim n. socks; ~po wokte, put on socks
karsetiinte iv. put on socks
karta n. letter
kartam n. mail
kartoon n. cardboard box
kartuunim n. cartoons
karuucha n. wheelbarrow
kat conj. don’t (cf. -‘e, -’em); ~ hunuen aane. Don’t do/be like that. ~ televisionta vivitchu. Don’t watch
so much television. ~ sisime. Don’t be going (there).
kataro n. cold (illness)
katchaka iv. be going (pl.; sg. weesime)
kate interj. won’t
katek iv. be sitting, be situated (sg.; pl. yeesa; pst. ~an,
yeh-, yeyesa); cf. yehte; Kosinapo meesa ~. There’s a table in the kitchen. Saalapo soofa ~. The sofa
is in the living room.
katem pn. don’t (lit. not you); ~ a kopkopta. Don’t forget this. ~ emo ko’okosoa. Don’t hurt yourself.
katema iv. walk (pl.; sg. weyema; syn. weama)
katim pn. not them; ~ houvoa. They never get full. ~ hikkaha. They don’t listen.
katin interj. remember…; ~ sauko seewam, naoto’oria into negrita tu’isi tu’i taiwechiata vetchi’ivo. Recall
that elderberry, naoto’oria and negrita is really good for a fever.
kati’ikun interj. don’t you remember?; Kooni, hitasa mahaika, saiyula vo’oki? ~ vaka hiuwata mahai
(s.)? Crow, what are you afraid of, all huddled up? Don’t you remember that reed arrow?
kati’inia interj. don’t you remember?
katom n. ball of wood or bone used for shinny (taahivevia)
katriam n. people (with ian, hakwo)
katte exp. we don’t; ~ kaáte., We don’t walk.
kau comb. mountain
~ chani n. a curcubit sp. (Ibervillea sonorae)
~ chuuna n. wild fig (Ficus sp.)
~ kokovi’iku n. canyon
~ mochik n. mountain tortoise
~ sapo n. var. of sapo
~ siiva n. cliff, precipice
~ tavachin n. var. of tabwiko seewa
~ vattai n. dock (Rumex hymenosepala; the roots of which are used for gum disease, as a
mouthwash, and for fever
kausi conj. even though; ~ au oileka huni aman siika. Even though he is not brave, he still went.
Empo ka yo ~ wolekame, hitasa haliwa? You who do not have enchanted legs, what are you looking
for?
kauwam n. mother’s milk
kava’e refers to horseback (not used alone)
aa ~ iv. able to ride (horseback)
kava’i n. horse (comb. kavai)
kavaeka adv. must; ~ te pueplou noitine. We must go to town.
kavai comb. of kava’i, horse
~ aso’ola n. colt
~ hamuchia n. mare
~ siila n. saddle
~ sisi n. mushroom
kavaisisi n. mushroom
kavam n. 1. egg(s) 2. testicles
Kavansam n. a dance tune
kavavoa n. sheep pelt, wool, fiber
kavayeo n. cowboy (var. kapyeo is used by older people)
Kavayo n. Cavalry Society member
Kavayom n. Cavalry Society
kaveta pn. no one (obj.; cf. kaave); hatteiya, iv. be fearless; yo’ore, iv. impolite, rude
kawi n. 1. mountain 2. as a modifier this may indicate a wild variety of a plant; ex. kawi bwa’arom,
a large kind of purslane that grows in the mountains)
~ vo’okame n. mountain range
kawis n. fox
kayayati n. background noise
kayehon n. alley
ke conj. before
ke’e tv. bite it (pst. ~ka, ki’i-, keke); Vaakot yee ~! The snake bites!
ke’esam(i) n. first; ke’esam konti, first procession; Ii’i ke’esami. This is the first.
ke’ewe iv. get wood (~-, keke’ewe)
kecha tv. 1. erect 2. stop the flow of 3. turn off (machine); cf. patte) (kechá’a-, keecha); U tapon
va’ata ~. The plug stopped the water.
kecha’i adj. erect(ed) (sg.; pl. ha’abwai)
keche adv. how; A: ~ allea? B: Ket tu’i. A: How are you doing? B: Just fine. Dios em chania, ~ allea.
Hello (traditional greeting; pl. addressee, Dios em chaniavu, kettekevete allea; cf. hiokoe, kette).
kechia adv. also; A: Tuka kupteo tu’isi ousi yukuk. B: Heewi bwan. Tu’isi heekak ~. A: Yesterday
afternoon it rained hard. B: Yes indeed. The wind blew hard too. Eu ~? You too? A: Karta neu
yepsak. B: Eu ~.l A: I got my letter. B: You too?
kee adv. not yet; kee yepsak, hasn’t gotten here yet; Vempo ~ yaka. They haven’t arrived yet.
kee vachía adv. not yet
keekam n sores, mange, skin disease
keekim n. cake (dessert)
keesum n. cheese
keka’a adj. mangy
kekeka rdp. of weyek, be standing (sg.)
kemkemti adv. noisily; ~ weye, going along noisily
kensur n. cancer
kepa cha’atu iv. come together and drizzle rain a long time (re: clouds; used only in pst.)
kepe iv. close eyes (kup-, kepikepikte)
kepta tv. put in mouth (~-, kepkepta)
kesiktila adj. scraped (skin)
ket adv. 1. also 2. self; Dios ~ apo enchi aníane. God himself will help you.
kette adv. still; Dios em chiokoe, ketne allea. God keep you (traditional greeting; pl. addressee, Dios
em chiokoe, ~ allea; cf. hiokoe, keche).
ketun(ia) adv. still, since; Aapo’ik ketun ama tekipanoao tu’iakan. As long as she was working there,
it was good.
ketwo adv., n. morning; Ian ~ hitasempo bwa’aka> What did you have to eat this morning?
ketwosu adj. already to go in the morning
keve’ete tv. carry in mouth (keve’eti-, kekeve’ete); Chuu’u ili wiikitta ~. The dog has a little bird in its
mouth.
kevenia n. castor bean (plant; Ricinus communis), used for treating fevers and headaches (leaves
are soaked in water and mixed with lard and ashes and applied to large areas of body to be
replaced as needed)
kevenia váchia n. castor bean (seed)
ki’i- comb. of ke’e, bite
kia1 adv. only, just; Kia waka nokta enchim a mahtane, vichau vicha. Just this talk will teach you, in
the future.
~ etehoi n. legend, myth
~ hiapsa, lead a boring existence, just existing (cf. tuu hiapsekame)
~ su adv. just so
~ valichiapo iv. pretend
~ pueplom, n. people without official ceremonial duties
~ veha adv. just so
~ yoemem n. ritually poor people
kia2 adj. delicious (pl. kikkia); Amak ka ~. Sometimes they’re not delicious. A: ~ wan te. B: Te
hu’unea enchim ~riaka’apo, ta haivu aman waatia. A: Goodness (rattled woman). B: We know you’re
delicious, but they want you over there (for a procession; male reply).
kia3 iv. fit into (~-, kikkia); Ume na’asom kahapo ~. The oranges fit into the box. Ama ne kiapea
o’oven ta ne unna awi. I would like to fit into it, but I am too fat.
kiakama n. squash (variety with a throat)
kiale1 tv. like, prefer, relish (kiali-, kikkiale)
kiale2 exp. you just; ~ ka hikkaha. You just don’t listen.
kiali adv. even though; Aapo kiali yo’otakuni tekipanoa. Even though he is old, he is still working. ~
ne eu nookan. That’s why I’m talking to you.
kiali’ikun conj. that is why
kialim adv. they just (< vempo + kia); Kialim ka monteka sahak. They just left without saying
anything.
kiasi adv. deliciously; ~ weche, hit the spot (satisfy); ~ ne wechek. That really hit the spot.
kiavea tv. 1. practice it 2. pretend (~-); ~ hiapsa, have no imagination, be locked into the daily grind
kichichite iv. swarm, wriggle
kichichiti adv. swarming, wriggling; ~ aane, feel something crawling up pants or sleeve
kiichul n. cricket
kiima tv. 1. bring them 2. insert them (pl. obj.; sg. obj. kivacha; kimá’a-, kikkima); Uli hamut kiosiam
kechapo ~. the girl is inserting flowers erect.
kíimu1 tv. attack one
kiímu2 iv. enter (pl.; sg. kivake; kimú-, kikkimu)
kiivi n. permanent smile (because of facial features)
kik- comb. of weyek, be standing (sg.)
kikkia rdp. of kia2 and kia3
kikichiite iv. swarm, wriggle; ~ aane, feel something crawling up pants or sleeve
kikkimuwa’apo n. entrance
kiksime iv. be standing on a moving object (sg.; pl. kiksaka)
kikte iv. 1. stand up 2. stop (machine) (sg.; pl. hapte; ~-, kiikte); cf. weyek
kiktekte pl. of weyekte, walk
kilogram n. kilogram
kilometer n. kilomter
kimuria n. entrance
kinakte iv. squint, grimace, make a face (d.o. = au; ~-,
kinakinakte); Aapo ne ~k. S/he gave me a dirty look. U ili o’ou au ~k. The boy squinted at him.
kínder n. preschool, daycare, kindergarten
kisaroa tv. fry it
kisaroari adj. fried
kitara n. guitar (var. kita)
kitareo n. guitar player
kitokte iv. contract (body)
kitta tv. pinch (~-, kikitta)
kitte iv. kneading (kitti-, kikitte)
kittim n. dough
kivacha tv. bring (sg. obj; pl. obj. kiima; ~-, kikkivacha)
kivake iv. 1. enter, go in 2. soak in (sg.; pl. kíimu;
kivak-, kikivake); Vaa’am bwiapo kom ~k. The water soaked into the ground.
apat ~ iv. cut in line
Kiyohtei n. Altar Guild member
Kiyohtei Yo’owe n. Altar Guild head
Kiyohteim n. Altar Guild
klasse n. class; vat ~, first class; sewundo ~, second class
ko’a tv. chew it (ko’o-, koko’a)
ko’apa’im n. a plant used to treat snake bite,; infections, and sores
ko’arek iv. wear a skirt (pst. ~an, koko’arek)
ko’ari adj. chewed
ko’arim n. skirt, dress
ko’arite iv. put on a skirt
ko’ate iv. put on a skirt (~-, koko’ate)
ko’o- comb. of ko’a, chew
ko’obwabwa’i n. crane (bird)
ko’oko adj. 1. hot, spicy 2. painful
ko’oko’era adj. unhealthy
ko’oko’i n. chile, pepper
Ko’oko’im n. Cocorit
ko’oko’itu iv. become hot from chiles (~-)
ko’okoa n. illness, sickness, disease; plague, epidemic
ko’okoe iv., n. 1. iv. be sick (pst. ~n, ~; not other tenses usual) 2. n. pain; Aapo vinwa ~k. S/he was
sick for a long time.
~ weche iv. get sick
ko’okoeme n. sick person, patient
ko’okole iv. be in pain (ko’okoli-, kokko’okole); Maria henompo ~. Mary hurts in the shoulder.
ko’okosa adv. injuringly
~ hoa tv. 1. injure 2. beat, hit, strike (cf. chona) 3. torture (pst. ~ yak, comb. ~ yá’a-)
ko’okosi adv. painful
~ a aula’apo n. wound
~ aane iv. be in pain
~ aayu iv. injure one’s self; Kuruestau ka hihikubwawa;bwe’itukmampusiam hunak ~ ya’ane. Don’t
point at the rainbow; otherwise, one gets sores on the fingers. Kaveta ~ yak? Did it injure anyone?
~ hoa tv. torture; Aapo chuu’uta ko’okosi hoa. S/he is hurting the dog.
ko’omamaya tv. knock down with rock (ko’omamaya’a-, ko’omamama)
ko’om(i) adv. down, below, under, downward (var. kom); hunum ko’omi, below there; mekka ko’omi,
deep
ko’omisu adv. down here; Apo a’avo ~ a tohak. He brought it down here. Vaiwa sililiti ~ yuyumao (s.).
Coolingly, drizzlingly, downward it reached.
ko’orai n. dandelion
koa n. corral (var. kora); ~u, to the corral
koakta tv. turn it (~-, koakoakta)
koakte iv. turn, change course, diverge (koakti-, koakoakte)
koapa’im n. yerba de la golondrina (Euphorbia sp., including E. polycarpa), members of the
spurge family closely related to the poinsettia growing at high altitudes; used medicinally
koate iv. build a fence
Koasepe n. Corasepe
koche iv. asleep, sleeping (sg.; pl. kokoche; pst. kochok, kot-, kokkoche)
koche’a n. sleepyhead (var. koche’ela, koche’era)
koche’ela n. sleepyhead
kochi’ise iv. bed down, go to bed (sg.; pl. kokotvo)
kochimai n. lobster
kocho’i n. breast, chest, bosom
kochok pst. of koche, be sleeping
sutti ~ iv. be fatigued, bushed, zonked
kochokame n. sleeper; ~ ka hita nu’une. Whoever falls asleep won’t get anything.
koelai adj. round, conical
kohakte iv. revolve (kohakti-, kohakohakte); Ta’ata im ~u ne siika. When the sun was blazing here, I
went.
kohtumre n. society (religious)
Kohtumre Ya’ura n. Lenten Society
kok- comb. of kookak, wear a necklace
koko iv. dying (pl.; sg. muuke; koko-, kokko)
~ Ania n. world of the dead
kokoarim n. dead people
kokoche iv. sleeping (pl.; sg. koche; pst. kokochok, kokot-, kokkoche)
kokovi’iku adv. in the corner (inside; cf. kovi’iku); ~ chiktia, in every corner/in all the corners
kokkocheme n. sleeper
kokome n. dying ones
kokomola adv. all over; Ayamansu sewailo yo huya saniloa vevetana weyeka, sea ~ awakai, yo
vaa’ampo komsu vuitekai (s). Over there, walking from the flowered wilderness grove, with flowers
all over your antlers, you run down to the enchanted waters.
kokot oora n. bedtime
kokotvo iv. bed down, go to bed (pl.; sg. kochi’ise)
kokowa iv. dying (sg.; cf. mumuke; koko-)
kokowame n. death
kokte tv. put around neck, put on a necklace (~-, kokkote)
kola waari n. square basket with square top
kolaroa tv. filter, strain
kolaroari adj. strained, filtered
kolcham n. quilt
kolehio n. college
Kolonia Militar n. Colonia Militar
koloorim n. color
koloroosa adj. pink (syn. sikhewei)
Kolos n. Colos
koludo n. a large, curious looking animal like a kangaroo or large rodent which appears to
reprimand people who have been remiss in their duties, or to remind them to go home from a
festivity
kom adv. var. of ko’omi, down(ward)
~ cha’atu iv. decrease, subside (pain; kom ~-)
~ chepte iv. get down, step down, dismount (ex. karivempa kom chepte iv. get down off the roof)
~ po’okte iv. bend down, stoop
~ vicha adv. downward, to the south
~ watwatte iv. fall (pl.; cf. kom weche)
~ weche iv. go down in price
~ wechila adj. fallen down
~ weye iv. go down, descend
komae n. godmother, comadre (female ceremonial sponsor)
kombilaroa tv. invite (syn. nunu)
kome’a n. runt (derog.; var. of kome’ela)
kome’ela n. short person (cf. kome’a)
komersiál n. advertisement, commercial
komia n. arm (bench, chair)
komona iv. get wet (komon-, kommoma)
komonia tv. moisten (~-, kokkomonia)
komonla adj. wet
kompae n. godfather, compadre (male ceremonial sponsor)
kompania n. company, corporation
kompaniya n. the music and tuning used during the second part of a ceremony (see soonim,
partiyo, unna vahti)
kompanyaroa tv. accompany
Kompuertam n. Compuertas
konfimaroa tv. confirm
konfimaroawa iv. be confirmed
konfimaraowame n. confirmation
koni woki n. crow’s foot (plant)
konila adv., postp. around (motion)
Konkista n. the bringing of Christianity
konkistaroa tv. conquer
konlotor n. conductor
konseho n. advice
konseharoa tv. advise
konta tv. surround (~-, konkonta)
konte iv. go around, surround (konti-, kokonte); Vempo bwe’u pa’ariapo ~. They are making a large
surrounding.
konti n. 1. surrounding (by Fariseos) 2. procession (circular; cf. kaminaroa)
~ Voo’o n. the Way of the Cross
kontiwa n. procession
kontiwame n. procession (ceremonial)
koochim in: vaa ~, shrimp
kookak iv. wear a necklace (kok-, kokoka)
kookam n. necklace
kooko n. coconut
kookta tv. pull apart, pry loose (~-, kookookta)
koola n. glue
koomim n. arm(s)
koomora n. chest of drawers, bureau
koona n. crown (object)
kooni n. crow (bird)
koopa n. cup
koopia n. copy, facsimile
koorte n. court (law)
koova tv. beat, win, defeat; gain it, earn it (ková’a-, kokova); yuin tomita koova); Haikik empo koovak?
How much have you earned? Itom peloteam ume Marana peloteam ~k. Our baseball team beat
Marana’s.
koove tv. leave behind, forget (syn. kopta; pst. ~k, no other tenses usual)
koovo’e n. turkey (syn. chiiwi)
koowe iv. swinging, hovering (pst. ~k, no other tenses usual)
koowi n. pig, hog
~ veyootam n. black oak, Emory oak (Quercus emoryi; cf. kusim)
kooyo n. oyster
kopaalim n. incense
kopaaroa tv. charge, bill (~-)
kopalai adj. quiet, still, peaceful
kopan adv. resting, relaxing
kopana iv. picnic (kopan-, kokopana); Huyavetuk te kopanne. We will eat under the tree.
kopanpahko n. ceremony (daytime)
koparia n. female hymn singer (syn. kantoora)
~ Yo’owe n. head hymn singer
Kopariam n. Singer Society (of hymns)
kopela adj. sliced (pl. kokopela, sliced in pieces); Aapo kutata ~ chuktak. He chopped the log in two.
kopelachukta tv. cut into short pieces
kopta tv. forget, leave behind unintentionally (~-, kopkopta); cf. himo’ote; Ka ne a ~. I can’t seem to
forget it.
kopte tv. desire, attracted to (kopti-, kopkopte)
aet ~, long for, yearn, have an urge to; Ne aet kopte tu’isi ne a chochonpea. Right now, I just want to
punch him.
koptiachi iv. be desirable, be unable to keep one’s hands off (pst. ~tukan, fut. ~tune; d.o. = aet);
Aapo aet ~. S/he couldn’t keep her/his hands off. U ili uusi si aet ~. the little boy couldn’t keep his
hands off it. U meesa tu’isi aet ~. The table is so desirable. U veeme tu’isi aet ~. The girl is very
desirable.
koptiwame iv. envious, jealous; aet ~, be jealous of her/him
kora n. fence, corral
korate iv. fence something (koati- or korati-)
koreo n. post office
koreom n. notice, notification
kortiinam n. curtain
korvata n. tie (clothing)
kosina n. kitchen; ~po ehtuufa katek. There’s a stove in the kitchen.
kot- comb. of koche, be sleeping
kotkottia tv. make sound when laying an egg (chicken)
kotpea iv. be sleepy; cf. kotpet’ea
kotpet’ea iv. get sleepy
kotta tv. break it (~-, kotkotta)
kotte iv. break (solid materials, such as wood, bone or metal; kotti-, kotkotte); cf. hamte
kottia adj. var. of kottila, broken
kottila adj. 1. broken 2. bankrupt 3. spoiled (var. kottia); mam ~, broken or sprained hand/arm;
Pueta ~. The door is broken (syn. pueta wechia).
~ choni n. wavy, curly hair
kouria tv. swing, shake, wave (~-, kokouria; cf. wiuta)
bwasiata ~ tv. wag the tail
kouvate iv. wag head, move head side to side (often with kom; )
kova n. 1. head 2. roof (of car) 3. person in charge; In achaita tosa ~k. My father has gray hair.
~ wante iv. have a headache
~ suawak iv. be intelligent
kova’a(ra) adj. big-headed
kova’atua dv. make earn; Veinte peesom senu ta’apo ~wak. He was paid twenty dollars a day.
kovahamte iv. be deep in thought, concentrate (kovahamti-, kovahamhamte)
kovahamti adv. 1. breaking one’s head 2. mind wreaking (difficult mental work); Huan ~ wechek.
John fell and broke his head.
kovak iv. have a head
kovalam in: hi’ikia ~ n. sewing pins, straight pins
kovameheria n. forehead
kovanao1 n. governor, leader of a religious society
kovanao2 n. creosote (Larrea divaricata)
kovanao kuta n. staff (ceremonial)
kovat adv. on one’s head
kovatarau n. matavenado (spider)
kovate tv. 1. sink in (memory) 2. move head from side to side 3. place on head 4. put on a garment
above the wait (cf. wokte) (~-, kokovate)
kovavae tv. compete (with emo, each other)
kovawa iv. lose (game, war, competition (~-; not used in future; cf. kova’ana, might lose)
kovea n. oyster shell
kovi n. corner
kovi’iku n. corner; cf. kokovi’iku
kovi’iria n. corner (of a room)
kovre n. copper
kowema iv. be hovering (cf. koowe; s. koyowe)
kowia tv. turn (crank, handle; ~-, kokowia)
kowikta tv. gather into skein (~-, kokowikta)
kowikte tv. bend (~-, kokowikte)
kowila adv. around (circumference)
kowilai adj. round
kowi tami n. a shrub sp. with large thorns
koyoolim n. 1. jingle bells 2. a belt of such bells (has seven bells representing each of the original
Yoeme villages; worn by the Pascola dancer; the number also refers to the number of main stars
in the Big Dipper, and the number of Christian sacraments); Ume ~ ume pahko’olata wikosam into
ume wovusan ~ Yoem pueplom natoan. The koyolim is the Pascola’s belt, and the seven bells
represented the seven Yoeme towns.
koyoreo n. oyster gatherer
koyowe iv. be hovering (s.; = kowema)
kreema n. cream
Krihto n. Christ
Ku Wiikit n. a multicolored, resplendent bird that is a mythological character; one of the first
creations, he was plain but is transformed into the most colorful bird (the parrot) with help from
his feathered brothers)
kuakta tv. 1. turn 2. convert (~-, kuakuakta)
kuaktala iv. be turned around
kuakte iv. 1. turn around 2. move about (kuakti-, kuakuakte)
kuaktiteam n. earth rotation naming ritual for infants
kuarta n. 1. room 2. bedroom; ~po hipetam weyek, ket kamam vo’oka, ket ropeo katek. In the
bedroom, there is a mat, a bed, and a closet.
kucha’ara n. spoon
kuchi suaripo n. knife wound
kuchi’im n. knife, dagger
kuchichi’itia iv. creaking, squeaking (kuchichi’iti-, no rdp.)
kuchu n. fish
kuchukuupe n. scale (fish)
kuchuleo n. fisherman (with net)
kuchusua iv. fish (with net; ~-)
kuchuwam n. pimples (facial)
kuenta n. story
kuera n. string (for musical instrument)
kuetem n. rockets, fireworks (rockets and firecrackers are used at ceremonial occasions such as
processions and baptisms to carry messages to Heaven)
kueyo n. collar
kuhte iv. cross self (~-, kuhkuhte)
kuhteerim n. anger (feeling)
kuhteiya tv. hate, dislike, detest (d.o. = au; ~-, kuhte”eiya; cf. kuhtea); Aapo au ~. S/he is angry with
her/him. I o’ou ika yoemta ~. The man is angry with this person. Apo am ~. S/he hates them.
kuhtewame n. anger (act of being angry)
kuhti maachi iv. resent, hold a grudge
kuhtiachi adj. unsociable, contemptible; Hu yoeme tu’isi ~. That person is hateful.
kuka n. vinorama (tree)
kukaracha n. cockroach
kukunawa iv. getting married (of a woman); cf. huhupwa
Kukupa n. Cocopa
kukupapa n. echo; Ume uusim chaeme ~. The yelling children are making an echo.
kukupopoti adv. the sound made by quails; Hakun ~ hiusakai? Why do they go kukupopoti?
kukusa n. Sonoran bumblebee
kukusi(a) adv. noisily (s. kukusiata)
kukusiata adv. noisily (s.; = kukusia); hakun ~, hiokot sem hiyawa (s.), they go somewhere, loudly,
sounding pitifully
kuliichi n. silverfish, flies
kulpa n. fault, blame
kulpak iv. be guilty
kulpakame n. guilty party
kulparoa tv. blame, accuse, criticize; Apo ne ~ ne tepuam kottak tia. He accused me of breaking the
axe.
kultivaroa tv. cultivate
kulumpio n. swing (playground)
~po kakalo iv. be swinging
kulupti adv. occasionally
~ weme adv. once in a while
kumkumti adv. beating (heart), clacking, thudding, clip-clop (sound of horses’ hooves on
ground/pavement)
kumplimento n. fulfillment, completion
kumsakam n. eyebrow
kumti adv. boom, clank
kumui n. uncle (mother’s older brother)
kumula adv. holding water in mouth
kun adv. maybe
kunakame n. married
woman
kunavawame n. groom, husband-to-be (syn. kunawaituvaeme)
kunawai n. husband (in general; cf. kuuna)
kunawaituvaeme n. groom, husband-to-be (syn. kunawame)
kunwo n. desert hackberry (Cettis pollida)
kup- comb. of kepe, close one’s eyes
kupahe n. a bird sp.
kupek iv. be shut (eyes)
kupikte iv. shut eyes
kupikupikte iv. blinking; cf. kepe
kupitomte iv. faint, blackout
kupte iv. be late, evening, get late; ke ~, before it gets late
kupteo adv. late afternoon, towards evening, getting late (day’s end)
~ weye iv. fall (evening)
kurai adj. mixed (with nau)
kurues n. 1. rainbow 2. boa (snake); ~tau ka hihikubwawa; bwe’ituk mampusiam hunak ko’okosi ya’ane.
Don’t point at the rainbow; otherwise one will get sores on the fingers. Kat ~ta hikkubwa bwe’ituk
em mam pusiam chuktana. Don’t point at the rainbow or your finger will be cut off.
kurula iv. be tangled up (with nat)
kus n. cross (traditionally the Yoemem had a Sun symbol, similar to the Maltese cross)
~ mayor n. village cross (syn. kus yo’owe)
~ yo’owe n. village cross (syn. kus mayor)
kusaroa n. different tuning
kusaroapo adv. cruciform, cross-shaped
kusi1 adj. loud
kusi2 comb. of kusim, acorns
~ ouwo n. oak tree
kusia n. windpipe, larynx, flute
kusiareo n. flute player
kusim1 n. acorn(s)
kusim2 adv. loudly (with bwaana, bwiika, but not nooka); cf. kusisi
kusisi(a) adv. loudly, aloud (with bwiika, aache, nooka, hibwa, hipona); U maso bwikame si kusisisia
hiruke. The Deer Singer rasps very loudly.
ka kusisi, adv. secretly (without noise)/stealthfully
kut comb. dark
~ horoi adj. dark (interiors)
~ tenei adj. dark figure (not clearly distinguishable because of darkness)
kuta n. stick, pole
~ chuktireo n. woodcutter, logger
~ ete n. termite
~ hu’i adj. promiscuous male
~ huiwa n. wooden-shafted arrow (as opposed to cane-shafted)
~ naawa n. tree trunk, stump
~ Nokame n. the Talking Tree (syn. Huya Nokame)
~ wiko’i n. bow (weapon)
~ wikui n. iguana
~ wisa’e n. ladle;
kutana n. throat, neck (throat)
~ kutte iv. have a sore throat
kutapapache’a n. swallow (bird)
kutareo n. person who sells wood
kutko adj. dark (color); ~ siari, dark green
kutsa’ite iv. get to be dusk
kutsa’iteo, adv. at dusk; Haivu ~. It’s already dusk. ~o te yahak. We arrived at dusk.
kutta tv. tighten it (~-, kutkutta)
kutte 1. iv. be tightening (kutti-) 2. n. tuning
kutti n. tightened
kuttia tight
kuttiria n. corset, girdle
kuttiwame n. tuning (musical)
kutvea adv. dark(ly), in silhouette (with weye); ~ veati kaáte ume naamum. The dark clouds are
rolling in.
~ kaáte, be silhouetted
kutvene adj. dark (color)
kutwatwatte adv. in the dark
kutwo adv. dark part of a hollow area
kuu’u n. mezcal, agave, maguey (Agave spp.), the hearts of which were formerly roasted and used
as a vegetable and for an alcoholic beverage
~ viino, n. agave wine
kuucho n. scar
kuuku n. white-winged dove
kuume tv. chew, gnaw
kuuna n. husband (woman speaking of her own)
kuunak iv. married
kuupis n. firefly
kuuria tv. 1. turn, wind 2. stir (not food) (~-, kukuria)
kuuru iv. be tangled (kurú-, kukuru)
kuurum n. flea (sand)
kuuse iv. play the flute (syn. tiitua), blow (wind instrument), honk (car)
kuusi n. loud sound
kuusim n. rosary
~ Taewaim n. Holy Cross Day
kuuta tv. stir, mix (syn. bwaata; ~-)
kuuti adj. mixed; Ume munim nau ~. The beans are mixed.
kuutia iv. buzz, roar (insects), hum (insects)
kuvaeleo n. drummer (fife-drum player)
kuvahe n. a small type of drum
kuvahileo n. drummer (cf. kuvaeleo)
kuvia 1. tv. turn, twist, screw (~-, kukuvia) 2. adj. twisted
kuviari iv. turned, screwed
kuvikuvi’itatame n. revolving thing
kuvvi’ita tv. twisting, screwing